Development and Exploitation   CNPC has established theories for developing large-scale continental heterogeneous sandstone fields. Technologies based on these theories enable the company to develop complex oil and gas fields such as multiple heterogeneous sandstones, complex fault blocks, carbonate reservoirs, low permeability reservoirs and heavy oil reservoirs. We possess technical superiority in areas such as refined reservoir description, improved water flooding in the high water-cut development stage and enhanced oil recovery through chemical flooding.   Foam Compound Flooding We have adopted polymer flooding and alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding to increase the recovery factor in the Daqing Oilfield to 60% during the high water-cut period. Foam compound flooding is another innovation aimed at increasing the recovery factor after polymer flooding and alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding. The method uses a combination of alkali, surfactant, polymer and gas-organic matter, which leads to a flooding system with ultra-low interfacial tension and fine aqueous foamability and buoyancy.   Development of High-pressure Condensate Fields The condensate reservoir is a hydrocarbon reservoir between an oil reservoir and a natural gas reservoir. In recent years, we have proved 13 high-pressure condensate fields in the Tarim Basin, most of which are located at a depth of more than 5,000 meters. Complicated geological structures, pressures as high as 50-120Mpa, a complex phase of fluid components and distribution, and a diversity of gas reservoir types characterize these reservoirs, and all contribute to the difficulty of their development.   Temperature-controlled Viscosity Acidizing (TCA) The Tarim Ordovician carbonate reservoir is one of CNPC's most promising prospecting targets. The acidizing fracturing method is a common way to develop this kind of reservoir. This involves broadening existing etched fractures and improving their flow conductivity. However, the results from this technique can be poor. To get around this, we conducted an in-depth study of the mechanism of the acid-rock reaction, and finally came up with the TCA technique.   Integration of Development Technologies in the Sulige Gas Field Integration generally includes preferential block selection, well location optimization, speed drilling, separate pressure production, downhole choking and surface facility optimization technologies. It effectively drove the full-scale development of the Sulige Gas Field, which had built an annual gas productivity of 3 billion cubic meters in 2007, and delivered 10 million cubic meters daily.