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Daqing Oilfield is not only a large energy production company but also a large energy consumption company. With the entry of the new century, Daqing Oilfield has thoroughly applied a scientific outlook on development, transformed the mode of economic development and taken a new road to industrialization. It has adhered to its tenet of “dedicating energy and creating harmony”, seriously surveyed and grasped the dialectic relation between present and future, output and benefits, energy production and energy conservation, as well as increased environment protection. It has brought energy conservation and emission reduction into its overall development strategy and determined its guiding theory of “clean development, energy saving development and sustainable development”. Closely connecting with production characteristics of the oilfield and considering factors of all aspects, it has put forward a general thought of three-dimensional energy conservation and emission reduction. It has endeavored to realize clean and energy-conserving growth with low input, low consumption, low emission and high efficiency.
It has paid special attention to strategic planning and systematically grasps the layout of energy conservation and emission reduction. Scientific and advanced strategic planning is a precondition of energy conservation and emission reduction, achieving tangible results. With regards to this, Daqing Oilfield has adhered to bringing the energy conservation and emission reduction work into its overall development strategies, comprehensively considered factors of all aspects such as output, benefits, energy conservation and emission reduction, etc., done strategic planning to a high standard and optimized strategy layout. It has discarded the past self-organized systems, implemented synchronized planning, synchronous design, synchronous implementation and synchronous management of oil reservoir projects, oil production projects and ground projects considering the determination and deployment of energy conservation and emission reduction planning goals, and done the work of energy conservation and emission reduction well from the sources, in order to realize overall-process and all-dimensional energy conservation and emission reduction.
The first one is the combination of the present and the future. Daqing Oilfield has medium and long-term planning, that is grasping five factors of controlling energy consumption, decreasing natural decline rate, controlling water-cut increasing rate, decreasing environmental pollution and controlling investment in the future five years. It has arranged the transformation, upgrade, echelon adjustment? and optimization of the energy conservation as well as emission reduction. It also has annual roll planning. According to the monitoring conditions of energy consumption points and discharging points, it has analyzed the operating state and potential, made full use of established capacities, deployed concretely the old and new facilities with technology integration and made sure that the planning is consistent with actual production needs.
The second one is the combination of ground and underground. For the oil reservoir project, the Oilfield has carried out economic research on output scale, determined scientific and rational development plans and a development index, and controlled the sources for energy conservation and emission reduction. For the oil production project, the Company has carried out economic research on process matching, determined a rational machine-excavating management index and decreased energy consumption of hoisting. For the ground project, the company has carried out economic research on operating efficiency, determined advanced gathering and delivery processing modes and rational loading rate, utilization rate, etc., and increased operating efficiency of the ground systems.
The third one is the combination of technology and management. At first, it is required to define management potential, quantify the energy saving potential in the aspects of optimizing production operation, decreasing natural gas release, precluding evaporation, dripping or leakage of liquid or gas, strengthening measurement and monitoring, etc., and strive to further decrease energy consumption through the implementation of management measures. On these bases, the Company has fully dug the technology potentiality, and implemented the key technologies and main links for decreasing injection-production energy consumption and reducing emissions, thus providing a scientific basis for formulation planning.
The Company has planned the systems operation as a whole. The work of energy conservation and emission reduction of the oil-gas field must comprehensively consider production, technology, management and other factors. The energy conservation and emission reduction is considered as a large systematic project, deployed carefully and been carried forward full-dimensionally.
Energy conservation system — overall optimization of three projects while controlling invalid and inefficient injection-production circulation, the oil reservoir project system also gives attention to the optimization and simplification of the ground system, and requirements of the machine-excavating system on increasing hoisting efficiency. The system gives full priority to the implementation of careful geological researches and optimization of injection-production adjustment schemes. During the process of increasing machine-excavating efficiency, the oil production project is obedient to the requirements of the oil reservoir project system on controlling liquids and digging potentiality. The system gives full priority to the optimization of hoisting ways, parameters and devices. During the process of controlling the scale of facilities and increasing operation efficiency, the ground project system takes full account of bearing capabilities of another two systems. This system gives full priority to carrying forward the application of every optimization and simplification technology.
The emission reduction system — is optimized comprehensively through many methods. Five methods are mainly adopted: stemming, stemming the sources. The one ballot veto system for environmental protection is adopted for any project around natural preservation zones, river, wetlands and other environmentally sensitive areas. The second one is managing, that is, managing behavior. The Company has introduced an international advanced environmental protection management mode —ISO14001 environment management system, implemented more than 160 environment management measures and further regulated behavior of its staff. The third one is controlling, that is controlling risks. The Company formulated 9 professional preplans specific to oil, gas and water leakage construction in environmentally sensitive areas, radioactive and hazardous wastes, etc., carried out clean production verification, and established a level-4 emergency treatment system for accidents, thus increasing prevention and control capacity of environmental risks. The fourth one is treating, that is, treating hidden dangers. The Company has completed more than 260 special projects of environmental protection since the “Fifteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China”. Among them, there are 113 sewage emission reduction projects and 12 waste gas emission reduction projects, further strengthening the basic facilities of emission reduction. The fifth one is establishing, that is, establishing the environment. Taking the establishment of a green oil field as its goal, the Company has fully implemented ecological environmental improvement projects. It has leveled the landform, linked lakes, stored water in lakes and restored vegetation. During the “Fifteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China”, it has planted 2,870,000 trees, laid 830, 000 square meters of grassland and 1435 hectares of various Greenland. The green coverage ratio of the oilfield has reached 24%, putting the company at the forefront of all oilfields taking Saline-alkali marsh as main overlay area in the world.
The Company has adhered to scientific and technological progress and played the supporting role of technologies to energy conservation and emission reduction. Daqing Oilfield has adhered to taking technologies as “engines” of energy conservation and emission reduction all the time. It has vigorously developed advanced and applicable technologies of energy conservation and emissions reduction. Through integration facilities and strengthening management, it has gradually broken through the bottleneck of energy conservation and emission reduction, and greatly increased the contribution rate of scientific technologies to energy conservation and emission reduction.
The Oilfield has introduced mature and applicable technologies according to norms. With regard to the selection and admittance of technologies, it has organized relevant departments and units to carry out comprehensive assessment and selective preference. It has issued “network access licenses” to those qualified technological products. With regard to tracing evaluation, it has established an Oilfield Energy Conservation Monitoring Center and an Environment Monitoring and Evaluation Center authorized by China, which are responsible for the periodical testing and evaluation of technologies and products of energy conservation and emission reduction. With regard to selective preference and elimination, the Company has determined products to be eliminated according to results of appraisal, and the annual elimination rate has reached 50%.
The Company has strengthened independent innovation and integrated matching. According to the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction, the Company has adopted an organization way of “task-oriented system”, and made use of a research and development system of “research and development layer, pilot plant test layer and transformation layer”, to tackle re-innovation problems of key technologies and introduced new technologies. Since the “Tenth Five-Year Plan”, it has tackled 35 key problems, conducted 16 field tests, gained 35 patents and solved many bottleneck problems of energy conservation and emission reduction.
The Company has increased the dissemination and application of new technologies. It has focused on three links: the first one is the typical guidance. The Company has selected 14 typical areas and blocks as model areas of energy conservation and emission reduction, and introduced new technologies into these “test land” for pilot test, thus providing precursory experience for other areas and blocks. The second one measures following up. According to requirements of dissemination of new technology, the Company has adjusted the old organization ways, technical standards, rules and regulations, etc., and created good conditions for dissemination of new technology. The third one is sizable application. The Company has adhered to the overall design and separate implementation of every system, combined the actual situations of every unit and further expanded the application scale of new technology.
The Company has strengthened the security mechanism and continuously increased the motivation of energy conservation and emission reduction. In order to ensure responsibility of energy conservation and emission reduction to each role and efficient operation of energy conservation and emission reduction, the Company has established three-level management organizations, implemented “two-line” management, completed 28 management systems and workflow of 5 categories, measured and calculated quota standard of unit consumption of different oil fields and areas and blocks, and ensured the work of energy conservation and emission reduction have regulations and rules to abide by. On these bases, the Company has explored and established three mechanisms of input guaranteeing, evaluation and examination, as well as incentives and restraints.
The first one is the mechanism of input guaranteeing. Under the conditions of a large gap in investment capitals and great operating costs, the Company has raised funds through many channels by all means, guaranteed that the annual input of energy conservation and emission reduction increases by more than 20%, and implemented the principle of a separate payment of budget and special funds for this special purpose. Since the “Tenth Five-Year Plan”, the Company has allocated energy conservation funds, RMB 9.58 billion Yuan and environmental protection funds, RMB 2.42 billion Yuan, thus guaranteeing the implementation of every key project of energy conservation and emission reduction.
The second one is the mechanism of evaluation and examination. The Company has mainly focused on the control of “three stages”. The first is the stage of initiation examination. The Company has taken energy conservation and emission reduction as important content, and carried out strict feasibility studies and those failing the demonstration will not be initiated. The second is the stage of design examination. The design index aims at an international advanced level. In design advanced technological, energy-saving, low-emission processes, equipment and products are applied. Those designs failing to pass the examination shall not be approved. The last stage is examination on final acceptance of construction. The index of energy conservation and emission reduction and implementation situation of measures are examined and tested, and those substandard projects shall not be accepted.
The third one is the mechanism of incentives and restraints. The Company has adhered to synchronous implementation of tasks of energy conservation and emission reduction and annual production business plan, brought the tasks of energy conservation and emission reduction into the performance evaluation mechanism, and entered into performance contracts with every layer. At the end of the year, the evaluation is carried out according to the accomplishment situation of index and the evaluation results are connected with performance of leaders and employees. At the same time, the Company has carried out specific rewards about water, electricity and gas surplus. The reward proportion has increased to 50% in 2006 from 30% in 2003, which has further aroused the basic-level staff’s positivity and initiative to do work of energy conservation and emission reduction to a high standard.
The Company has implemented all-dimensional energy conservation and emission reduction, whose total effect was apparent. Since the year of 2000, Daqing Oilfield’s energy conservation and emission reduction has developed well, even though its total number of wells has increased by more than 20000 and its production scale expanded.
The Company has realized a great increase in efficiency of energy utilization. Compared with the year 2000, although its water injection rate has increased by 7.32%, liquid production rate by 16.7% and total number of wells by 59.4%, its total energy consumption has decreased by 4%. Since 2005, the Company’s annual saving standard of coal has been near 250, 000 tons.
Its environmental protection index has reached advanced levels in the same industry of China. Since the “Tenth Five-Year Plan ”, through the implementation of various environmental protection measures, its chemical oxygen demand has directly decreased by 2100 tons, CO2 emission by 2, 238,000 tons, and SO2 emission by 453.7 tons, and its waste gas emission rate has reached the standards set. At the same time, through the conservation of electric energy, CO2 emission indirectly decreased by 4,795,000 tons, and SO2 emission amount by 48, 000 tons.
Its energy conservation technologies with proprietary intellectual property rights have successfully found their way into the domestic and world markets. In recent years, more than 20 energy conservation technologies such as subdivision oil layer injection production, low temperature transportation of crude oil, screw pump oil extraction, etc, have walked out from Daqing Oilfield and entered into the domestic and world oil markets. Its current market income has increased to RMB 0.745 billion Yuan from RMB 460 million Yuan in 2000. Its energy conservation technologies have played an important role in the implementation of strategies of “entering into the market by using technologies and developing based on technologies”.
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